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id="tpnrxl7j" class="title"> <h3><a>平底立銑刀和球頭立銑刀在外球面加工的技術常識剖析和宏程序知識分析<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="lead" id="print"> <p> <span style="font-family: 宋體; text-indent: 21pt;">一、引言</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">隨著數控加工的快速發展，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">市場上出現了各種各樣的數控刀具，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">但是平底立銑刀和球頭立銑刀仍舊是數控加工中心加工外球面的常用刀具。我們在實際的教學過程中，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">必須正確理解它們的不同之處，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分別對待，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">合理分析，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">讓學生掌握加工外球面宏程序的區別點。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">二、外球面加工的技術常識剖析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">1. </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">平底立銑刀和球頭立銑刀的差異</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">）</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">平底立銑刀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">—— —</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">刀齒散布在圓柱的柱面及一端面上，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">它有直柄和錐柄兩種。平底立銑刀用于銑削平面、</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">擴孔、</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">溝槽和臺階面。</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">能夠進行粗銑，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">去掉大量毛坯余量，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">也能夠進行小面積水平平面或許概括精銑。</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">粗加工能夠運用平底立銑刀，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">也能夠運用球頭立銑刀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">）球頭立銑刀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">—— —</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">刀頭前端為帶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> R</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">形。</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">球頭銑刀用于銑削曲面，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">可進行曲面半精銑和精銑，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">小刀能夠精銑峻峭面（直壁）的小倒角。加工曲面時球頭刀的運用最遍及，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">可是越挨近球頭刀的底部，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">切削條件就越差，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">因而近期有用環形刀（包含平底刀）來替代球頭刀的趨勢。精加工應運用球頭銑刀。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">2. </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">外球面加工的走刀道路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">通常運用一系列水平面截球面所形成的同心圓來完結走刀?？捎眯星屑庸し庸?，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">在進刀控制上有從上向下進刀和從下向上進刀兩種。通常應運用從下向上進刀來完結加工，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">此刻主要使用銑刀側刃切削，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">外表質量較好，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">端刃磨損較小，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">同時切削力將刀具向欠切方向推動，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">有利于控制加工尺度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">3. </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">進刀點的核算和進刀控制圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">首要根據答應的加工差錯和外表粗糙度的需求，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">來斷定合理的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> Z</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">向切削深度，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">再根據給定的加工深度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> Z</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">，核算加工圓的半徑，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">即使用公式：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> r = sqrt </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">［</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">R2- z2</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">］。此算法存在著走刀次數較多的表象?；蛟S根據答應的加工差錯和外表粗糙度的需求，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">來斷定兩相鄰進刀點相對球心的視點增量，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">再根據視點核算進刀點的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">r</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> Z</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">值，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">即使用公式：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> Z = R sinθ</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> r = R cosθ</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">4. </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">進刀軌道的處理方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">關于平底立銑刀加工來說，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">曲面加工是靠刀尖來完結的，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">當刀尖沿圓弧運動時，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">其刀具中間運動軌道也是一行徑的圓弧，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">僅僅位置相差一個刀具半徑。關于球頭立銑刀加工來說，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">曲面加工是靠球刃來完結的，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">其刀具中間是球面的同心球面，</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;">半徑剛好相差一個刀具半徑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">三、外球面加工的宏程序知識分析</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1. </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工圖例</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2. </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">平底立銑刀宏程序知識分析</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">待加工的毛坯為一圓柱體，現使用平底立銑刀加工，采用自上而下以等高方式逐層銑除余量，每一層采用</span><span lang="EN-US">G02 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">方式走刀（順銑）。每一層刀具</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">向變化量為</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201407/1406788534405.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">找出關系：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">方向用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">賦值，根據上圖可以利用公式：</span><span lang="EN-US"> r = sqrt</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">［</span><span lang="EN-US">R2- z2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">］。每一層刀具</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">向變化量為自變量</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，即可以推出</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6= sqrt </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">［</span><span lang="EN-US"> 4 4- 1 1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">］。</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">方向刀補用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6+ 7</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">3. </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">球頭立銑刀宏程序知識分析</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">待加工的毛坯為一圓柱體，現使用球頭立銑刀加工，采用自下而上以等角度環繞加工方式逐層銑除余量（以角度為自變量），每一層采用</span><span lang="EN-US">G02</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">方式走刀（順銑）。每一層刀具角度變化量為</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。找出關系：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">方向用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">賦值，根據上圖可以利用公式：</span><span lang="EN-US"> x = R cos</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">θ。即可以推出</span><span lang="EN-US"> 6= 4 cos 2 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（其中半徑</span><span lang="EN-US"> R</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">用</span><span lang="EN-US">4 </span><span style="font-family: 宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">賦值，角度變化量用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">賦值）。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">Z</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">方向用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 5 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">賦值，根據上圖可以利用公式：</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z = R sin</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">θ。即可以推出</span><span lang="EN-US"> 5= 4 sin 2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（其中半徑</span><span lang="EN-US">R</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 4</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">賦值，角度變化量用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">賦值）。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">4. </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">針對兩者之間宏程序知識的分析，編制宏程序</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">根據加工圖例加工內容為外球面。為了對刀方便，宏程序編程零點在球面最高點處，分別采用從上向下和自下而上加工方式。平底立銑刀加工宏程序號為</span><span lang="EN-US">O0001</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，球頭立銑刀加工宏程序號為</span><span lang="EN-US"> O0002</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201407/14067885528333.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><img src="/upload/images/201407/14067885627445.jpg" alt="" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><img src="/upload/images/201407/14067885739829.jpg" alt="" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><img src="/upload/images/201407/14067885842518.jpg" alt="" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">四、結束語</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">通過兩者之間宏程序的對比，平底立銑刀和球頭立銑刀都可以加工外球面，一種采取每層變化量來控制，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">另一種采取每層角度變化量來控制。我們在實際教學過程中，</span> <span style="font-family: 宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要求學生要統籌兼顧，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">應用外球面的數學特性，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">正確進行宏程序分析，</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">來實現外球面的加工。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:13.5pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-outline-level:1"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 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initial;">伯特利數控一直以盡心、盡力、盡意的態度把握每一臺</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a ><span lang="EN-US">加工中心</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋體; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">、</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a ><span lang="EN-US">鉆攻中心</span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋體; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: 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