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id="tpnrxl7j" class="title"> <h3><a>電火花成形加工的精度和表面質量及其工藝特點和應用<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="lead" id="print"> <p> <b style="text-indent: 20.65pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">電火花成形加工的精度和表面質量</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">電火花成形加工時，由于工具電極和工件電極之間存在放電間隙，因此，加工后的孔或型腔的尺寸一定會稍大于電極的尺寸。由于放電間隙不恒定和工具電極的逐步損耗造成加工誤差，如尺寸誤差、形狀誤差。所以，要獲得較高的精度，應使間隙較小，而且加工過程要穩定地保持間隙恒定</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">電火花加工后的表面質量是表面粗糙度及表層的化學成分和物理機械性能。表面粗糙度主要受單個脈沖能量大小的影響</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而表層的化學成分和物理機械性能與脈沖頻率有關</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.96"><b><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">電火花成形加工的工藝特點和應用</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> W</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">適應性強，能夠加工任何導電的硬脆、軟韌及難切削材料，如淬硬鋼和硬質合金。工具電極一般采用紫銅或石墨。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (Z)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工時無切削力。因此，可以加工一些難以加工的小孔、窄槽、薄壁件和各種特殊及復雜形狀截面的型孔、型腔等，如加工形狀復雜的注塑模、壓鑄模及鍛模等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">電脈沖參數可以任意調整，加工過程基本上沒有熱變形的影響。因此，一臺電火花加工機床可以連續地進行粗加工、半精加工和精加工。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">15. 3</span><span style="font-family:宋體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數控電火花線切割加工</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 1.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數控電火花線切割加工特點</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (1)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">適用于難切削材料的加工，可加工像聚晶金剛石、立方氮化硼一類的超硬材料。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可以加工特殊、低剛度、形狀復雜的零件。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">易于實現加工過程自動化，易于數字控制、適應控制、智能化控制和無人操作等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (4)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">只能加工金屬能導電材料</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 2.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數控電火花線切割加工的分類、加工范圍、工具電極及夾具</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 1)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數控電火花線切割加工機床的分類</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (1)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">按走絲速度大小，可分為快走絲線切割機床、慢走絲線切割機床和混合式線切割機床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">快走絲線切割機床的加工效率比慢走絲機床高，加工精度和表面質量比慢走絲機床稍差，加工成本比慢走絲機床低。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">按加工精度的高低，可分為普通精度型及高精度精密型兩大類線切割機床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">絕大多數慢走絲線切割機床屬于高精度精密型機床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> z}</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數控電火花線切割機床的加工范圍</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> W</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加工模具，適用于各種形狀的沖模。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工電火花成形加工使用的電極</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">(3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工普通零件，還可以加工特殊難加工材料的零件、材料試驗樣件、各種型孔、特殊齒輪、樣板、成形刀具、精密狹槽等。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (4)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">貴重金屬下料。線切割加工用的電極絲尺寸遠小于切削刀具尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">最細的電極絲尺寸可達到</span><span lang="EN-US">0. 02 mm )</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，用它切割貴重金屬，可節約很多切縫消耗。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工具電極</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">工具電極為細金屬導線，材料為銅絲或鑰絲，快走絲機床工具電極一般為鑰絲。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 3.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數控電火花線切割加工原理</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">線切割加工機床加工工件時，主要是利用移動的細金屬導線，</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">銅絲或鋁絲</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作為工具電極，根據事先編制好的程序按控制系統給出的軌跡指令運動，對工件進行脈沖火花放電，使工件切割成形。電火花線切割加工工件時，工件與電極絲分別連接電源的正負兩極，兩極間充滿介質</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工作液</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，電極絲與工件之間進行脈沖火花放電，如圖</span><span lang="EN-US">15. 4</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所示</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="font-family: 宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">當來一個電脈沖時，將介質擊穿，在電極絲和工件之間產生一次火花放電，并釋放出大量能量，在放電通道的中心溫度瞬時可高達</span><span lang="EN-US">3 000</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">℃一</span><span lang="EN-US">10 000</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">℃以上，高溫使工件熔化，甚至有少量氣化，高溫也使電極絲和工件之間的工作液部分產生氣化，這些氣化后的工作液和金屬蒸氣迅速熱膨脹，并具有爆炸的特性。這種熱膨脹和局部爆炸，拋出熔化和氣化的金屬材料，在工件表面形成了一個電蝕坑，當不斷高頻率重復放電時，就可以實現對工件材料進行電蝕切割加工。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">火花放電不同于電弧放電，電弧放電常引起工件電極的燒傷。火花放電與電弧放電最主要的區別在于</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">電弧放電為多次連續在同一處放電</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">電弧放電的擊穿電壓低于火花放電的擊穿電壓</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">電弧放電的蝕除量也少于火花放電</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 4.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數控電火花線切割加工工件的一般步驟</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (1)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">分析零件圖紙，并根據圖紙要求按照機床所能接受的一定格式的程序語言通過手工編程或軟件自動編程的方式生成程序代碼文件，即</span><span lang="EN-US">CNC</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數據文件。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (2)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">數據輸入或傳輸，將生成的程序代碼文件輸人到機床的數控系統中。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">校驗程序的正確性。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (4)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">調整機床。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (5)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安裝工件和工具電極</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> (6)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">根據預先設置的穿絲點、切人點和切割方向，調整電極絲與工件之間的相對位置，保證工件切割完整和機床安全。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> 7)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">運行程序，加工工件。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:0cm; 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<p>本文以組合式六角亭模型為實例，分析工藝難點與加工可行性，指出該模型的加工難點是模型形狀不規則和整體剛性差，并通過設計新的工藝方案解決加工難點，完成了模型整體的加工。新的加工工藝有助于提高加工效率和精度，為五軸數控加工提供了一個典型案例，對于五軸加工中心數控加工也具有指導作用和重要… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2966.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="list-date"> <span>05</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="自適應控制方法在混聯五軸加工中心中的應用" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2965.html" target="_blank">自適應控制方法在混聯五軸加工中心中的應用</a></h4> <p>宇匠數控 備注：為保證文章的完整度，本文核心內容由PDF格式顯示，如未有顯示請刷新或轉換瀏覽器嘗試，手機瀏覽可能無法正常使用！本文摘要：通過對混聯五軸加工中心自適應深度學習控制方法的 研 究，可 知 此 方 法 的 創 新 之 處 在 于：１）建 立 了 機 床 的 運 動 學 … <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2965.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="list-date"> <span>05</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="五軸線性刀路的局部能量光順和避免方法" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2960.html" target="_blank">五軸線性刀路的局部能量光順和避免方法</a></h4> <p>宇匠數控 備注：為保證文章的完整度，本文核心內容由PDF格式顯示，如未有顯示請刷新或轉換瀏覽器嘗試，手機瀏覽可能無法正常使用！本文摘要：１）本文建立了基于轉角向量和雙弦弓高的局部能量光順算法，該方法以刀心點光順前后最大許用偏移量作為約束，通過計算拐角處微小線段局部能量最優解，可使… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2960.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="news-list list-border list-border-w"> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="list-date"> <span>05</span> <p>2024-11</p> </div> <h4><a title="五軸加工中心和五軸鉆攻中心在機測量探頭補償" href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2959.html" target="_blank">五軸加工中心和五軸鉆攻中心在機測量探頭補</a></h4> <p>在機測量技術由于其成本低、檢測效率高、無需二次裝夾等優勢被廣泛用于零件加工測量當中，使得五軸加工中心和五軸鉆攻中心，同時又兼具測量功能。在機測量系統的構成如圖1所示，硬件部分主要是由高精度探頭、信號接收器、機床整個本體，軟件部分由機床控制系統、測量軟件等組成[8]。待零件加工完成… <a href="/bethel/5-aix/show-2959.html" target="_blank">[了解更多]</a></p> </div> <!-- 內容列表結束 --> </div> <!-- 相關文章結束 --> <!-- 頁底推薦圖文產品開始 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 頁面標題開始 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="title"> <h3 class="wow bounceInDown" data-wow-delay="0.5s"><a href="/bethel/cnc">產品中心<small></small></a></h3> <span>——</span> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" 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