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id="tpnrxl7j" class="title"> <h3><a>開放式數控系統的發展<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="lead" id="print"> <p> <st1:chsdate year="1899" month="12" day="30" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" w:st="on" style="line-height: 10.5pt; background-color: transparent;"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="350"><span lang="EN-US">1.1.</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="350">2</span></st1:chsdate><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="350" style="line-height: 10.5pt; background-color: transparent;">開放式數控系統的發展</span></p> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="Section1"> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">數控系統作為數控機床的核心部件，決定著數控機床的性能。隨著計算機技 術、控制技術的迅猛發展，傳統數控系統結構的封閉性使各廠商產品的軟、硬件 互不兼容，用戶不能靈活配置系統資源等不足嚴重限制了自身的發展。為此，制 造商在激烈的市場競爭環境下快速地做出了反應，模塊化、可重構的開放式數控 系統適應了這種制造環境<sup>[5]</sup>。影響比較大的有美國的</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman18"><span lang="EN-US">omac</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><sup><span style="font-family: SimSun;">[6]</span></sup></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">計劃、歐共體的 </span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">OSACA<sup>m</sup></span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">計劃和日本的</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">OSEC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">[<sup>8</sup>]</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">計劃。</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="21pt">美國</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">OMAC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">采用組件技術劃分數控系統，以接口類的形式定義</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">API (Application</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SimSun;"> </span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">Program</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SimSun;"> </span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">Interface</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">)</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">函數，這種通用的</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">API</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">接口為不同廠商硬件和軟件</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">的集成提供了一個標準的開發環境<sup>[9]</sup>。</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">OMAC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">為數控系統設計了一個模塊集，通</span></p> </div> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:#0400;mso-fareast-language: #0400;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before:always; mso-break-type:section-break" /> </span></p> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">過組合其中模塊來建造不同類型控制器</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><sup><span style="font-family: SimSun;">[1(U1]</span></sup></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">。</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:47.8pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">歐洲</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">OSACA</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">采用標準的、開放的接口連接控制系統的邏輯獨立部件以 及部件與實現平臺，從而創建一個獨立于廠商的開放式控制體系。</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:47.8pt;background:transparent"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(3)<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">日本的</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">OSEC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">采用功能組將開放式數控系統劃分為若干功能模塊，功能 模塊之間以</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">OSEC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SimSun;"> </span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">API</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">形式的消息進行數據通訊，廠商可對功能模塊進行自由配 置，實現不同控制功能。</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">隨著計算機控制技術及相關技術的發展，基于</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">PC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SimSun;"> </span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">(Personal</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: SimSun;"> </span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">Computer</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">)</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">的 開放式數控系統先后經歷了 </span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">PC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">嵌入</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">NC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">”</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">和</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">NC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">嵌入</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">PC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">”</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">兩大類型，成為 了數控市場的主流產品，目前正朝著</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">PC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">+</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">I</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">/0”</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">的全軟件的開放式數控系統發展。</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">經過20多年的發展，我國的數控軟件系統有了很大的進步。國內比較著名 的有華中數控、廣州數控、凱恩帝等品牌。其中，華中數控的華中8型數控系統 已實現全軟件控制。然而，由于國內對開放式數控系統的研究起步較晚，現有數 控系統的性能較歐美發達國家相比差距較大，且高端數控系統市場基本被日本 </span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">SIMENSE</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">公司和德國</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2TimesNewRoman19"><span lang="EN-US">FANUC</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">公司所壟斷，尤其是五軸聯動數控系統長期依賴 進口，加上西方的技術封鎖，嚴重限制了我國高端數控技術的發展。為此，《國 家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要》</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">（</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">2006</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span></span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">2020年）制訂了“高檔數控機床與 基礎制造裝備”科技重大專項，以提升我國的數控技術水平，打破國外對高端數 控市場的壟斷地位。</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:16.35pt; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="2">因此，對五軸數控加工中心開放式數控系統進行研究不僅能縮小我國與世界數控 水平的差距，也是國防事業和現代化建設發展的需要，對推動我國經濟更好、更 快的發展具有重大意義。</span></p> <p class="20" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:16.35pt; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"> </p> <p class="20" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:16.35pt; margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 26.0pt;line-height:19.45pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">本文采摘自“五軸數控加工中心軟</span><span lang="EN-US" 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