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id="tpnrxl7j" class="title"> <h3><a>振動對數控機床進給系統爬行的影響-研究現狀<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 頁面標題結束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部開始 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div id="tpnrxl7j" class="lead" id="print"> <p> <span id="tpnrxl7j" class="16" style="line-height: 11pt; text-indent: 0pt; font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">1.3</span><span style="line-height: 11pt; text-indent: 0pt; font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">課題的研究現狀</span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">國內外學者對爬行現象的研究很多，目前比較常用的有8種簡化機械物理模型（不 是本文研宄的重點內容，故不對每一種模型進行詳細的闡述</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">），</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">針對不同的模型，學者 們提出了多種改善爬行的方法。例如改善機床的結構和材料，添加潤滑劑，利用光柵爬 行測量儀等，但是有的并不實用，效果也不理想。雖然對引起爬行現象的原因以及爬行 過程當中產生的規律進行了詳細的解釋，但是并沒有從本質上抑制爬行。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 14pt;"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="18" style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: -2.5pt; font-size: 14pt;">1.3.1</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">國外對數控機床爬行的研究</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">爬行現象最早是在20世紀30年代由</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">F</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">.</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">.</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">Bowden</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">, </span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">H</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">.</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">Block</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">和</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">Jpapenhuysen</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">等人提</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">出并開始研宄的。到20世紀50年代，許多權威學者和工業界的工程師們通過大量研宄 和試驗，提出了爬行的起因、機理和規律。總結出來，有如下幾個對爬行分析比較有代 表性的觀點：</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 22.1pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">1 </span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">)</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">F</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">.</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">P</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">.</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">Bowden</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[3]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">的摩擦表面接觸凸峰之間的有關“微焊接橋”的行程與破壞的觀點， 對摩擦力的瞬時變化進行了詳細的理論解釋。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(2) </span><!--[endif]--><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">Capone</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[4]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">認為倆個滑動體之間的運動產生的摩擦力的周期性自激振動產生了爬 行現象。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(3) </span><!--[endif]--><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">Yoshizawa</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[5]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">認為爬行運動的產生是基于兩固相的凍結狀態和液相的熔融狀態 之間的邊界層發生周期性的相互轉化導致的。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(4) </span><!--[endif]--><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">Stolarski</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[6]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">認為是塑性微觀接觸所形成的焊合或粘附連接導致了爬行的產生。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(5) </span><!--[endif]--><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">M</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: sub;">〇</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">khtar</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[7</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">^、</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">iHA</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">為在倆結合面相互接觸產生滑動的過程中，是由于靜、動摩擦 系數的不同以及摩擦力所引起的振動導致爬行的出現。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 14pt;"><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="18" style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: -2.5pt; font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="18" style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: -2.5pt; font-size: 14pt;">.3.2</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">國內對數控機床爬行現象的研究</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 22.1pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">我國是從20世紀70年代開始研宄爬行的，我國的研究學者較早從事這方面研宄的 幾個典型代表觀點如下：</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(2) </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">吳圣莊</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[9]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">和他的研宄生從多個角度對數控機床做了大量的實驗，認為過去學者 們提出的有關爬行理論，即爬行是由動靜摩擦力之差導致的，而這種</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;">AF</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">值實際是不存 在的。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(3) </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">韓秋實</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[1</span><span id="tpnrxl7j" class="19" style="font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt; vertical-align: super;">W</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">把爬行作為一種自激振蕩來研宄。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(4) </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">金長善、于鳳鳴</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[11]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">提出了動靜摩擦力差異的機理，首次提到“動響應”概念，從 實際和理論兩方面對各種不同情況下的摩擦力與加速度之間的關系進行了研宄。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">(5) </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">萬鵬、趙培炎</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: super;">[12]</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">提出了倆自由度系統的概念，考慮到物體的運動方向和運動物 體之間表面的不平度所形成的微觀“油楔”中液動力產生的浮起。他們認為要對爬行進行 全面分析，不僅取決于是否要考慮摩擦系數的變化，而且還取決于是否考慮了法向壓力 的變化。</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 11pt;">通過總結國內外學者對爬行現象的研宄得出:目前沒有一套完整解釋說明爬行機理 的文章，即系統各爬行因子與爬行之間的明確的定量關系，學者們都是各自對爬行機理 做出理論上的推導，然后進行試驗，并沒有找到一種真正能抑制爬行的方法而被大家所 認可。</span></p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"> </p> <p class="NewStyle21" style="margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 21.85pt;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: 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